WED, Oct 6 \ 19.30-21.00 \ Treatment Techniques, I

015
SEXUAL ADDICTION IN SEXUAL OFFENDERS AND ITS RELEVANCE FOR TREATMENT
Liam Marshall, MA,

Rockwood Psychological Services, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
liam@rockwoodpsyc.com

The propensity to act out sexually in ways that are harmful to, at least, the individual has been called “sexual addiction” (e.g., Carnes, 1989). This construct has received much attention both theoretically and empirically yet remains controversial. Despite the possible relevance it could have, there is a paucity of empirical literature on this construct as it may, or may not, relate to sexual offending (Marshall & Marshall, 2001). While there are different points of view on the description, aetiology, and treatment of this hypothesized disorder, there does seem to be agreement among researchers that some clients have difficulty controlling their sexual behaviour.
Some sexual offenders construe their behaviour as beyond their control. The creator of the notion of sexual addiction, Patrick Carnes (1989) reports that approximately 50% of sexual offenders will suffer from sexual addiction. In our research on sexual addiction in incarcerated male sexual offenders, we have found support for this estimate of the rate of sexual addiction. We have also found some support for the other correlates of sexual addiction reported by Carnes (e.g., 1989, 1991). Therefore, it would be useful to examine the role of sexual addiction in the aetiology and maintenance of sexual offending. This presentation, then, will examine the sexual addiction model and its relationship to sexual offending. I will report the results of a series of studies we have conducted on sexual addiction in incarcerated male sexual offenders and the relevance to treatment of our findings.

016
THE MODIFICATION OF DEVIANT SEXUAL PREFERENCES

William L Marshall, Ph.D., FRSC, Liam Marshall, MA
Rockwood Psychological Services, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
Email: bill@rockwoodpsyc.com

An outline of what constitutes deviant sexual preferences will be provided followed by descriptions of various procedures aimed at changing such preferences.
It will be noted, but not discussed, that various medications are valuable, either alone or in combination with behavioural procedures, in modifying arousal patterns. The behavioural procedures covered in this talk will include: masturbatory reconditioning (directed masturbation and satiation therapy), covert sensitization, foul odour aversion, and ammonia aversion. These procedures will be described and case illustrations will demonstrate their application. What limited evidence is available on their effectiveness will be described. Most importantly, it will be pointed out that these procedures should not be thought of as effective treatment on their own; they are but one small part of an overall, comprehensive program.

017
ASPECTS OF SHAME: TEMPLATES FOR TREATMENT

Margretta S Dwyer M.A.
Psychologist-Sex Therapist-Forensic Board Certified, University Of Minnesota, USA
dwyer001@umn.edu

Psychology has been unable to address adequately the aspects of shame. In particular, we are stymied with inadequate techniques to lessen aspects of shame in persons with sexual problems. Theoretical ideas about nature of shame in therapy will be discussed, along with new templates for treating shame that can be used in treatment. Violating patient's boundaries exposes that person to shame; yet, boundaries are what we must penetrate for sexual treatment to be successful. How can we join these two different areas for helping persons to be whole?

Data from a Shame survey regarding persons with sexual misbehaving problems will be presented.

018
LESSONS FROM INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE: THE ROLE OF SPIRITUALITY AND HEALING IN RISK MANAGEMENT

Lawrence Ellerby, Ph.D., C. Psych.
Forensic Psychological Services, Manitoba, Canada
ellerbyl@mts.net

As sex offender treatment programs have become more responsive to recognizing and attending to cultural issues amongst various ethnic groups of offenders, different perspectives and approaches to treatment have emerged. Wisdom from cultural healing perspectives 100's of years old that have been retained or reclaimed by many Indigenous peoples offer valuable and insightful teachings and approaches to healing. These traditional healing approaches can be applied to sexual offenders and can facilitate addressing risk factors and support offenders to manage their lives in a more healthy, balanced way that reduces the potential for recidivism. This paper will present lessons learned through working with traditional Canadian Aboriginal spiritual Elders/healers over the last decade in an effort to develop meaningful treatment/healing experiences for Canadian Aboriginal offenders through blending traditional healing with contemporary sexual offender treatment. The lessons learned from this Indigenous knowledge has not only allowed us to better serve this specific population but has informed our overall treatment program and our work with all individuals who have engaged in sexual offending behaviour. This paper will highlight the central philosophies, teachings and process inherent in traditional Aboriginal healing and examine it's applicability to sexual offender treatment. Specific issues addressed will include the role of spiritually in healing, the importance of holism, individuality, balance, connection, the healing nature of relationships, the role of ritual and ceremony, and the healing messages of hope and wellness.